A systematic review on the analysis of study design, statistical methods and statistical software tools used in South African health science research

Abstract The field of health science research in South Africa is becoming increasingly dependent on statistical methods, specialized software, and robust study designs. While rapid developments in computing technologies have made advanced statistical tools more accessible, challenges remain in their effective application. We systematically reviewed 175 articles published between 1982 and 2025 using structured data extraction and descriptive analytical methods to examine trends in software use, statistical methods and study design reported in South African health science research. Of the studies assessed, cross-sectional studies were the most commonly used design (56%), and the most often used techniques were inferential statistical methods such as chi-square tests, t-tests, and regression analyses. In terms of software, the most popular software programs were STATA and SPSS, with less use of advanced platforms such as R and SAS. The findings indicate that basic statistical methods and simple study designs are still widely used in South African health science research. This highlights the need for broader advanced analytical techniques and improved bio-statistical training. Enhancing methodological capacity can improve the quality, rigor, and relevance of South African health science research within the global context.