Hamstring strain (HSI) is the most common non-contact injury in professional men's football. Understanding the mechanism of hamstring injury in football players and taking effective preventive measures to reduce the probability of hamstring injury and protect their physical health is crucial. This article summarizes the injury mechanism of the hamstring muscle in football, discusses its risk factors, and summarizes preventive measures for hamstring muscle injuries, providing reference and guidance for future research on hamstring muscle injury prevention. Method: databases CNKI and Web of Science using keywords such as hamstring, football, and sports injuries. Summarize relevant literature to understand its research progress and provide development recommendations. Result: Research has found that the main cause of hamstring muscle injury may be muscle strain caused by centrifugal contraction. The main sites of injury are the semimembranosus, semitendinosus, long head of biceps femoris, and short head of biceps femoris. Possible risk factors that may cause injury include: 1. Primary risk factors: age, race, other body injuries, level of competition, and progress of a single game; 2. Recurrent risk factors: history of hamstring injury, degree of injury, and unreasonable rehabilitation methods; 3. Other risk factors: insufficient muscle strength, poor flexibility, insufficient pelvic muscle strength, improper training, insufficient warm-up, and fatigue. MRI can accurately evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of hamstring injuries, which is of great clinical significance. The prevention plan for hamstring injuries includes a primary and secondary prevention plan, involving the main training methods of stretching exercises, Nordic hamstring eccentric exercises, isokinetic training, isokinetic training, and endurance training. There is too little research on race, single game progression, and pelvic muscle strength among risk factors, and the results are uncertain. The research results on hamstring muscle strength are inconsistent and need further verification. The research conclusions on the effectiveness of NHE and isokinetic muscle training in preventing hamstring injuries in the prevention plan are relatively consistent, but there is a lack of strong data support for the intervention effect of NHE in multiple seasons. The research results of FWT in this study indicate that it may be an effective measure to prevent hamstring injury in football, but research in China is relatively shallow, and the research results may be influenced by race and literature sources.
Wang et al. (Thu,) studied this question.