Recycling has evolved from a basic waste-management practice into a strategic pillar of the circular economy. This article examines new approaches to recycling, analyzes the economic costs involved, and explores how developing countries can allocate and mobilize funds for the recycling sector. Drawing on global data and existing literature, the study highlights recycling as a tool for sustainable development, job creation, and resource efficiency. The paper also reviews financing models suitable for low- and middle-income economies. Recycling is more than waste management — it’s a driver of circular economic growth: It reduces raw material costs and commodity price risks. For example, recycled materials can be cheaper than virgin inputs in many products, improving profitability for local businesses. It creates jobs: estimates suggest recycling industries in developing countries can create 15–40 jobs per 1 million invested. It reduces environmental degradation (GHG emissions, pollution, landfills) and provides public health benefits from cleaner cities. It can make national industries more resilient and competitive internationally.
Farangiz Pirmatova (Tue,) studied this question.