In the Grand Est French region, agricultural stakeholders conducted experiments between 2018 and 2024 on farming systems with limited use of plant protection products. The systems tested included: - a system with no plant protection products (0 PP), - an integrated protection system with 50% fewer plant protection products (PIC), - and a reduced tillage system without glyphosate (AC). In all three systems, indicators of biological soil fertility were measured to determine the impact of these practices on soil biology. Some biological indicators showed that the three systems are equivalent, while others highlight differences: in particular, the 0 PP system favored nematodes and the decomposition of teabag. The abundance of microorganisms, on the other hand, gave contrasting results depending on the analysis methods used
Maillant et al. (Mon,) studied this question.