Abstract: As the air that man breathes continues to play important roles in human health and well-being, assessment of the atmospheric air components is becoming more crucial in recent years as man seems to be chemically net-round by health-threatening chemical substances as components of the atmospheric air. In the current study, three hours’ measurements of concentrations of particulate matters (PM2.5 and PM10), gaseous pollutants (CO, CO2, NO2, SO2, NH3, O3, and H2S), and volatile organic compounds (methane-CH4, and total volatile organic compounds-TVOC), using Digital 4-in-1 Gas Hand-held Monitors and Temtop Air-Quality Monitor while heavy metals were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed the highest PM2.5 of (6.35±0.20), (7.31±0.10), and (5.40±0.25), and PM10 of (9.65±0.30), (10.62±0.10), and (7.68±0.40), for car parks, markets, and residential areas, respectively, in the dry season. Also, the highest CO2 of (1330±1.10) and (1300±0.6) were recorded for markets and parks, (6.80±0.11) and (6.10±0.12) recorded for parks and markets, respectively, while concentrations of Fe (0.029±0.040), Zn (0.026±0.020), and Cu (0.025±0.030) were obtained in the dry season. In terms of particulates, (dust particle > metallic particle >other suspended solids), while gases (CO2>CO>NH3>O3>NO2>SO2>H2S). Generally, except for dust particles, CO2, and CO, the concentrations of other pollutants were below the WHO and FMEnv recommended limits. Additionally, the dry season recorded higher concentrations of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), inorganic and organic gaseous pollutants, and heavy metals. These findings showed that Otukpo Metropolis is minimally polluted with dust, CO2, and CO, thereby calling for urgent attention by governments at all levels. Keywords: Particulates, Parks, Markets, Heavy Metals, Dry season. Title: Comparative Assessment of Seasonal Variation of Pollutants’ Level and Air Quality of Otukpo Metropolis: Spatial Dynamics Analysis and Possible Health Risks Author: Wadai, Mutah, Idongesit, Nnammonso Akpan, Onwoke, Ebibi Elijah, Apeh, Augustine Joshua International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering and Science ISSN 2394-7349 Vol. 12, Issue 2, September 2025 - February 2026 Page No: 66-82 Novelty Journals Website: www.noveltyjournals.com Published Date: 31-January-2026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18443247 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/Comparative%20Assessment%20of%20Seasonal-31012026-8.pdf
Wadai et al. (Sat,) studied this question.