Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic severely disrupted South Africa’s economy, exacerbating household vulnerabilities. In response, the government established the COVID-19 Social Relief of Distress (SRD) grant in 2020 to support working-age adults facing economic hardship. Although initially conceived as a temporary measure, the grant has been extended multiple times. Despite extensive research on social assistance programs, evidence on their long-term effects on food insecurity in low- and middle-income countries remains limited. This study examines the effect of the COVID-19 SRD grant on household food insecurity in South Africa over a four-year period (2020–2023), using fixed-effects analysis of nationally representative General Household Survey (GHS) data. Contrary to expectations, the findings indicate that receipt of the grant was associated with a significant increase in food insecurity. These results underscore the complexities of cash transfer programs, suggesting that immediate financial relief may not translate into long-term economic stability. The study emphasises the importance of integrated policy interventions, including direct food support, employment initiatives, and sustainable income-generating strategies, in enhancing household food security. Policymakers and stakeholders should consider these unintended consequences when designing future social protection measures to ensure they effectively support vulnerable populations during crises.
Bello et al. (Thu,) studied this question.