The impact of older adults' volunteer motivation on successful aging: a moderated mediation model

Objective This study explores the relationship between volunteer motivation and successful aging among older adults, with a specific focus on the intermediary function of altruistic behavior. It also examines whether loneliness moderates the altruism-mediated pathway within this association. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out between January and May 2024, involving older adults from five regions in Sichuan Province, China. Participants completed a battery of instruments, including a general information form, the Volunteer Function Inventory (VFI), the Successful Aging Inventory (SAI), the Self-Report Altruism Scale–Distinguished by the Recipient (SRAS-DR), and the Chinese adaptation of the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (DJGLS). Data analysis was performed using SPSS along with the PROCESS macro to examine the hypothesized linkages and mediation/moderation effects. Results Older adults' volunteer motivation significantly and positively predicted both successful aging and altruistic behavior. Altruistic behavior served as a partial mediator in the link between volunteer motivation and successful aging. Moreover, loneliness moderated the latter stage of the mediating pathway, attenuating the positive predictive effect of altruistic behavior on successful aging. Conclusion With China's aging population continuing to grow, society and families should actively address this challenge by rejecting the traditional notion of the “uselessness of old age,” cultivating and supporting seniors' motivation to engage in voluntary work, and recognizing their ongoing value and contributions to community well-being. Greater consideration should also be given to psychological well-being, particularly alleviating feelings of loneliness. By designing appropriate volunteer programs that match their capabilities, we can strengthen their sense of social engagement and further facilitate successful aging.