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The review examines the mechanisms and treatment of iron deficiency in celiac disease and the effectiveness of a gluten-free diet.

February 12, 2026Open Access

Ironing Out the Deficiency: Tracking Iron in Celiac Disease Before and After the Gluten-Free Diet

PDPatricia DillawnUniversity of Colorado Denver SNSadie Nagle ELEdwin Liu

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The review examines the mechanisms and treatment of iron deficiency in celiac disease and the effectiveness of a gluten-free diet.
Narrative review of existing literature on celiac disease and iron deficiency.
Analysis of the prevalence of iron deficiency in newly diagnosed individuals with celiac disease.
Evaluation of the effects of gluten-free diet on iron status and mucosal healing.
Iron deficiency affects over 10% of individuals newly diagnosed with celiac disease.
Mucosal healing on a gluten-free diet may not fully resolve iron deficiency for all individuals.
Iron supplementation plays a crucial role in addressing iron deficiency in celiac patients.

Resumen

Celiac disease (CeD) is a gluten-induced immune-mediated enteropathy that preferentially involves the proximal duodenum. Consequently, iron deficiency is common in CeD, impacting at least 10% of newly diagnosed individuals. In this narrative review, we aim to investigate the mechanisms, prevalence, treatment, and monitoring of iron deficiency and the impacts of a gluten-free diet (GFD) on iron deficiency in individuals with CeD. We will also review the role of and approach to iron supplementation in this population. Specifically, we will explore whether mucosal healing on a GFD is sufficient for the management of iron deficiency amongst individuals with CeD.

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