The optimized pullulan/ampicillin/clove oil nanofibers exhibited uniform, bead-free morphology with an average diameter of 530 ± 35 nm and adequate thermal stability. Composite nanofibers demonstrated significantly enhanced antibacterial activity compared to single-agent formulations. The nanofibers were non-cytotoxic up to 500 µg/mL and significantly reduced nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated macrophages (p < 0.05). Mucointeraction and mucosal permeation studies supported their suitability for nasal delivery. These findings demonstrate that pullulan-based nanofibers offer a biocompatible, noninvasive platform for localized antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory therapy in rhinosinusitis.
Elnahas et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
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