Understanding animal behavior is essential for assessing their needs, and among animals, dogs are particularly close to humans, sharing daily life and social interactions. Dogs were the first domesticated species and are now valued for roles such as guarding, hunting, companionship, and service. According to the American Kennel Club (AKC), over 200 dog breeds exist, grouped into seven primary categories or a miscellaneous group. Genetically, dogs cluster into four major groups, and both genetics and learning shape their behavior. Heritable behavioral traits have been identified, with neurotransmitters influencing aggression and breed differences contributing to variability in behavior. Research indicates that specific genomic regions are linked to phenotypic variations, with reduced haplotype diversity in modern breeds arising from genetic drift and selective breeding. Comparative analysis of allele frequencies shows the highest genetic diversity among ancient breeds and the lowest in more recently developed mountain breeds, reflecting the timeline of canine domestication. Understanding these genetic and behavioral dynamics informs breeding practices and animal welfare considerations.
Ali Yildirim Mehmet (Sat,) studied this question.