Peripheral immune-inflammatory parameters of the Parkinsons disease. Dependence on the stage of progression

According to modern concepts, neuroinflammation and peripheral immune dysfunction play a key role in the onset and progression of Parkinsons disease (PD), one of the most common and severe neurodegenerative diseases. However, changes of cellular and molecular immune parameters under development of PD are still little defined. The work is devoted to the analysis of immune cell populations (monocytes, T and B cells and their subtypes), expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR) and spontaneous and mitogen-induced production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the peripheral blood of patients at different stages of idiopathic PD and healthy individuals. It is shown that the stage II of PD is characterized by a decrease in the amount of CD3+ T cells, an increase in TLR2 expression on CD4+CD25+ Tregs, as well as an increase in the spontaneous production of proinflammatory cytokines IFNγ and IL-17A. Stage III of PD is associated with a decrease in the production of mitogen-induced IFNγ. The relative number of CD19+CD25+ Breg cells in patients with PD increased regardless of the disease stage. Thus, the obtained results indicate differences in cellular and molecular immune parameters existing in patients with PD and in healthy individuals, which are dependent on the stage of the disease. These data are important for understanding the molecular basis of PD development and prognosis of its course, and may be useful in identifying biomarkers of disease severity and developing new treatment approaches depending on the stage of the disease.