The increasing global energy demand and the environmental impact of fossil fuels necessitate the development of sustainable energy solutions. Solar energy is a promising alternative, but its intermittency and inefficiency limit its widespread adoption. This study explores the role of advanced concrete-based thermal energy storage systems in addressing these challenges. Key aspects examined include packing density optimization, high-temperature performance, and hydrothermal durability of concrete. The research highlights the importance of granulometric optimization, binder selection, and hydration mechanisms in enhancing concrete properties. Additionally, the effects of heat exposure on concrete durability, permeability, and mechanical strength are analyzed, with a focus on phase transformations in cementitious materials under extreme conditions. The study also investigates explosive spalling risks and mitigation strategies through polypropylene fiber incorporation. Findings demonstrate that optimizing particle packing and incorporating pozzolanic materials significantly improve concrete performance, reducing porosity and increasing resistance to thermal degradation. The use of ultradense concrete eliminates the need for steel liners in thermal storage tanks, leading to economic and environmental benefits. This research contributes to the advancement of durable and high-performance concrete for energy storage applications, supporting the transition to a more sustainable energy infrastructure.
Abbass et al. (Sun,) studied this question.