Abstract: The transition from the Green Revolution to the Evergreen Revolution represents a fundamental shift in agricultural development, placing sustainability and environmental stewardship at the centre of food production. The Green Revolution significantly increased food output and helped achieve national food security, but its heavy dependence on high-yielding varieties, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and intensive irrigation led to serious challenges such as soil degradation, groundwater depletion, loss of biodiversity, and environmental pollution. These issues highlighted the need for a more sustainable and resilient agricultural model. The Evergreen Revolution seeks to address these shortcomings by promoting long-term productivity without ecological harm. It integrates nature-based solutions with advances in modern science to create farming systems that are both productive and sustainable. This approach combines traditional practices such as green manuring, crop rotation, mixed cropping, and agroforestry with modern innovations including precision farming, improved seed varieties, and climate-smart technologies. Together, these methods enhance soil fertility, conserve water, strengthen biodiversity, and improve overall ecosystem services. Sustainable practices such as the use of biofertilizers, composting, biochar application, integrated pest management, and crop-livestock integration help restore soil health, enhance carbon sequestration, and reduce dependence on chemical inputs. By promoting regenerative agricultural systems, the Evergreen Revolution improves resilience to climate change and supports long-term food and livelihood security. Ultimately, it aims to balance productivity with ecological stability, ensuring that agricultural growth remains environmentally sustainable, economically viable, and socially inclusive for present and future generations.
Chetan Sondi (Sat,) studied this question.