Empagliflozin and platelet-rich plasma markedly improved structural, functional, and antioxidant parameters and reduced inflammation and apoptosis in albino rats with stanozolol-induced cardiotoxicity after 4 weeks of treatment.
Does empagliflozin or platelet-rich plasma reduce stanozolol-induced cardiotoxicity in an albino rat model?
Empagliflozin and platelet-rich plasma show promise in mitigating anabolic steroid-induced cardiotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in a preclinical model.
Stano is an anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) with various adverse cardiovascular effects because it induces ventricular dysfunction. The objective of this study was to evaluate and demonstrate how Empagliflozin (EP) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can reduce the cardiotoxic effects linked to Stano administration in albino rats. Fifty-four (n = 54) rats were involved in this research, the animals were randomly divided into six groups: (C, EP, PRP, Stano, SEP, and SPRP). Various cardiovascular health markers, focusing on the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiomyopathy were evaluated. There was extensive myocardial injury and damage in the Stano group, as reflected by induction of oxidative stress by increase in the level of MDA, along with significantly reduced level of GSH and CAT. Increased expression of inflammatory markers like IL-1β, and NF-κB/P65 pathway, with strong immunoreactivity of caspase-3-an apoptosis marker in cardiac tissue were observed. Evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy with pathological changes in cardiac tissues was also noted, together with functional impairments. Hypertrophy acts as a compensatory mechanism against injury and stress, since it may cause various complications in case of a lack of intervention. Stano activates the initiation of some apoptotic and inflammatory signaling pathways to cause serious aggravated cardiovascular health threats. On the other hand, all the structural function and antioxidant parameters related to cardiovascular health showed improvement after both EP and PRP treatments. Intriguingly, EP and PRP have emerged as effective promising agents against the deleterious cardiac damage linked to Stano use. Nevertheless, more research is actually needed to explain the mechanisms and optimize clinical application or management of those exposed to ASS.
Hafez et al. (Mon,) conducted a other in Adult Sprague-Dawley albino rats with stanozolol induced cardiotoxicity (n=54). Empagliflozin vs. Placebo control (distilled water) and platelet-rich plasma was evaluated on Cardiovascular health markers including oxidative stress (MDA, GSH, CAT), inflammatory markers (IL-1β, NF-κB/P65), apoptosis marker (caspase-3), echocardiographic parameters, and histopathology. Empagliflozin and platelet-rich plasma markedly improved structural, functional, and antioxidant parameters and reduced inflammation and apoptosis in albino rats with stanozolol-induced cardiotoxicity after 4 weeks of treatment.