This manual for the implementation of a nature-based solutions (NBS) payment by results (PbR) scheme is designed to be used in consultation between a landholder and an advisor/ranger. The ideal outcome is a co-developed and agreed costed plan for capital interventions and changes in land management approaches that will be to the benefit of the local catchment, supporting sustainable farm enterprises, as well as positive downstream impacts, over many subsequent years. Every drainage catchment is different, and the interplay of a range of factors need to be considered, including the relative importance of reducing flooding, improving ecosystems, and modifying sedimentation and erosion patterns. Therefore, this NBS PbR manual should be treated as a framework to establish a realistic incentivized plan, with the ability to change monetary values by catchment and by farm. Importantly, although the manual was designed primarily for flood and sediment mitigation interventions, the framework is portable, and readily adaptable to a wider range of NBS. An idealised workflow is proposed for the development of NBS PbR schemes. Distinctively, the workflow does not only consider the NBS intervention types and changes in land management practices, but also the types, technological expertise, return period, and type and duration of monitoring, both before and during the lifespan of different interventions.
Bond et al. (Mon,) studied this question.