This paper examines the life, theology, and ecumenical legacy of Protopresbyter Dr. Stefan Tsankov (1881-1965), a leading Bulgarian Orthodox theologian and one of the earliest Orthodox pioneers of the modern ecumenical movement. Situating Tsankov within the broader trajectory of twentieth-century Orthodoxy, the study traces his biographical formation, academic career, and active participation in key inter-Christian and inter-Orthodox forums, including the Faith and Order and Life and Work movements. Particular attention is given to his theological “grammar” of ecumenism: a vision grounded in the catholicity of the Church, the inseparability of unity and doctrinal truth, and an irenic ethos marked by humility, love, and fidelity to the Nicene faith. The paper argues that Tsankov’s thought anticipates later Orthodox ecumenical theology and conciliar practice, especially regarding synodality, reception, and the necessity of careful preparation for pan-Orthodox consensus. By rereading Tsankov through the lens of contemporary ecclesial challenges—nationalism, intra-Orthodox tensions, and debates over ecumenical engagement—the article demonstrates the enduring relevance of his witness. Tsankov emerges not merely as a historical figure, but as a theological resource whose balanced approach offers a compelling alternative to both relativistic ecumenism and isolationist anti-ecumenism, affirming Christian unity as a divine vocation rooted in truth and love.
Kaminis et al. (Thu,) studied this question.