Construction site layout planning (CSLP) is an optimization issue that has been studied for decades. However, risk factors are still open to exploration, and risk is often not addressed comprehensively in the state-of-the-art literature; moreover, only a few studies have investigated safety as an optimization component in construction sites. This research aims to obtain optimal layout solutions that minimize site risk. In this study, the components of the risk factor were defined as interaction flows between facilities, closeness factors, and the influence of tower cranes. The Dragonfly Algorithm (DA) was selected to solve the CSLP problem due to its strong exploration and exploitation capacity. A DA-based model was developed that integrates the relationships between facilities into a single objective function. This integration extends existing CSLP optimization frameworks by explicitly incorporating multiple risk factors, which constitutes the novelty of the proposed approach. The model was implemented in an actual construction site as a case study. Also, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) were employed for comparison purposes. The acquired layout plans showed that the DA provided lower site risk values with feasible solutions for CSLP optimization problems. To validate the results, structured feedback was obtained from 10 experienced project managers and Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) experts, confirming the practical and safety relevance of the optimized layouts. Overall, the proposed DA-based model in this study not only provides feasible solutions for CSLP problems but also integrates comprehensive safety considerations that enable more efficient and safer construction site layouts.
Tetik et al. (Sat,) studied this question.