Emerging evidence supports a role for the male reproductive microbiome in sperm function and fertility and highlights it as a potential target for clinical intervention. However, predominantly small, cross-sectional studies and methodological heterogeneity limit causal inference and immediate translation, underscoring the need for longitudinal, couple-integrated cohorts and adequately powered randomized trials of targeted microbiome modulation.
Kuribayashi et al. (Thu,) studied this question.