The papers in this Special Topic illustrate this mandate and show its potential to enhance education. They also suggest fruitful directions for research to explore the best ways for curricula to develop and sustain robust far transfer, whether at the molecular level of specific subject matter (e.g., Lai Mickey another way is to develop representational models that can generalize from one context to another.A third principle is to encourage flexibility of thought and the use of multiple pathways to solve a problem or reach a goal. Rather than seeking a single framework with which to solve a given type of problem, learners need to be encouraged to accept that there can be multiple paths to reach a goal. This principle is seen particularly clearly in the work of Mickey, Kreisel, et al. (2025), who make a strong case for students' use of both rules and the unit circle to solve trigonometry problems, for example. The importance of flexibility of representations has been noted before, as in Siegler's research (e.g., Siegler Wilkinson, Reznitskaya, Bourdage, Oyler, Glina, & Drewry, Kim & Nelson, 2017) showing success in training teachers to provide effective education, these papers suggest that new paradigms for teacher training and new forms of classroom instruction will enable our students not only to learn effectively and durably but also to apply their learning beyond the classroom.
Whitlow et al. (Thu,) studied this question.