“Sunlight” illuminates “empty nests”: the influence of social participation on the multi-dimensional health of empty-nest elderly in China

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• Empty-nest elderly experience enhanced multi-dimensional health through increased social participation, and access to community activities plays a crucial role.
• The study shows a significant correlation between social engagement and improved mental well-being in elderly individuals living alone.
• Observational analysis on empty-nest elderly in China indicates that community support can lead to better physical activity levels and emotional health.
• Enhanced social participation among elderly may help reduce feelings of loneliness and isolation, emphasizing the importance of community involvement.