Xenotransplantation - the transplantation of living cells, tissues, or organs from one species to another, particularly from animals to humans - represents a groundbreaking yet ethically complex development in modern medicine. It offers the potential to address the global shortage of human organs and save countless lives. However, it also provokes deep ethical concerns regarding the moral status of animals, the integrity of personal identity, public health risks, and questions of justice and equitable access. This study employs a philosophical-analytical method rooted in normative ethics, bioethics, and social philosophy to examine these multidimensional challenges. It explores the tension between technological advancement and moral responsibility, evaluating whether xenotransplantation can be ethically justified and under what conditions. The findings suggest that while the practice holds significant medical promise, it must be pursued within a framework of rigorous ethical safeguards. These include the minimization of animal suffering, protection of human dignity, prevention of biosecurity risks, and assurance of fair and just access to medical innovations. The study recommends the development of inclusive and transparent bioethical policies, meaningful public engagement, and robust international regulatory structures. As scientific capabilities continue to grow, they must be guided not only by innovation, but by a strong commitment to ethical reflection, justice, and social responsibility. Xenotransplantation therefore, is not merely a scientific endeavor but a profound philosophical and moral challenge.
Ette et al. (Mon,) studied this question.