Integrated optimization of timetable and speed profile for onboard energy storage trams with charging time adjustment

Puntos clave

• Optimized tram speed profiles enhance onboard energy storage capacity, increasing efficiency.
• Key findings reveal that adjusting charging times can significantly reduce operational costs.
• Observational analysis explores timetable and speed optimization for trams to maximize energy storage usage.
• These insights may enable better energy management in electric tram systems, boosting sustainability.