Skin regeneration axis under metal-based nanozymes: from chronic wound healing to structural and functional restoration

This review summarizes the fundamentals of MNZs, including their catalytic mechanisms, classifications, and synthetic strategies. It articulates a multidimensional regenerative paradigm for MNZs, elucidating their roles across the entire spectrum of skin regeneration, which constitutes the core concepts of this review: (1) Chronic Wound Healing via controlling inflammation and oxidative stress, (2) Pathological Scar Inhibition through targeted molecular pathway regulation, and (3) Structural Appendage Regeneration (e.g., hair follicles). The review also highlights critical translational challenges and proposes integrated strategies for accelerating the clinical application of MNZs for holistic skin repair.