Basic psychological needs in Physical Education in secondary education: a systematic review

Introduction: Physical Education in Compulsory Secondary Education plays an important role not only in the development of motor skills but also in students’ psychological and social growth. From the perspective of Self-Determination Theory, the satisfaction of basic psychological needs is considered a key factor in promoting motivation and well-being. Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to identify studies focused on the satisfaction of basic psychological needs—autonomy, competence, and relatedness—in Physical Education within Compulsory Secondary Education, as well as to analyse pedagogical interventions designed to promote them. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. The literature search was carried out in the ERIC, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases, applying predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eighteen studies met the established criteria and were included in the final analysis. Results: The findings show that innovative pedagogical approaches, such as the Sport Education Model, Gamification, and the Personal and Social Responsibility Model, positively influence the satisfaction of basic psychological needs. These approaches were associated with higher levels of motivation, engagement, and holistic student development, whereas traditional teaching methods showed limited effects. Likewise, positive relationships appear between structured physical activities and psychological wellbeing, with substantial improvements in basic psychological needs. Discussion: The findings highlight the importance of autonomy-supportive motivational climates in improving students’ experiences in Physical Education. Conclusions: It is concluded that participation in Physical Education alone does not guarantee student well-being. The implementation of active teaching methodologies combined with a supportive instructional climate is essential for satisfying basic psychological needs and enhancing students’ motivation and personal development.