Unveiling novel mechanisms of neuroimmune modulation: a theragnostic and phytochemical approach using FGA139 and abscisic acid in cellular models

The bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the immune system is essential for maintaining homeostasis. Disruptions in this interaction are implicated in the pathophysiology of various neuroinflammatory diseases. In this thesis, the immunomodulatory potential of FGA139, a synthetic molecule with fluorescent properties, and abscisic acid (ABA), a plant-derived phytohormone with reported anti-inflammatory activity, were evaluated. To this end, in vitro cellular models were employed, including microglial, macrophage, and neuron-like cell lines. The results obtained demonstrate that both FGA139 and ABA are able to modulate key inflammatory pathways, albeit through distinct mechanisms. Additionally, FGA139 exhibits theragnostic properties, enabling not only the modulation of inflammatory responses but also the detection of cellular alterations via fluorescence. These findings suggest novel precision therapeutic strategies for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases, integrating plant-derived compounds with advanced diagnostic tools.