This paper investigates the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in procedural jurisprudence, examining how AI reshapes case management, regulatory oversight, dispute resolution, and predictive adjudication. The study aims to map emerging applications, assess risks, and propose a coherent framework for the integration of AI into global legal systems. Theoretical Framework: Grounded in business process management and procedural law theory, the paper conceptualizes AI as a co-author of corporate will, a private regulator, and a shadow arbiter. It introduces the notion of “procedural AI jurisprudence” and situates it within comparative law, algorithmic due process, and theories of process sovereignty. Method: A comparative legal-analytical method is applied doctrinal normative approach, drawing on case studies from Austria, Brazil, Canada, Estonia, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The research synthesizes doctrinal analysis, regulatory reviews, and evaluation of experimental systems such as Prometea in Argentina and AI-based resocialization initiatives in Abu Dhabi. Results and Discussion: Findings reveal a spectrum of judicial AI adoption, ranging from automation of inmate documentation to multimodal risk detection in penal systems. While AI enhances efficiency and consistency, it introduces risks of bias, accountability gaps, and process failures. To address these challenges, the paper proposes the “Procedural AI Stack,” integrating rights and remedies matrices, bias/error controls, adversarial AI parties, and Automation Impact Statements. Comparative insights underscore the uneven global trajectory of AI in law and the urgent need for harmonized safeguards. Research Implications: The study highlights the necessity of establishing cross-border legal standards, procurement protocols, and accountability mechanisms. It calls for the recognition of AI as both a tool and a potential party within legal processes, requiring new doctrines such as the Model-of-Record and structured risk heatmaps for judicial procurement. Originality/Value: This paper advances the discourse by framing AI as a procedural actor rather than a mere technological aid. It provides a layered model for integrating AI into legal processes that balances innovation with ethical safeguards, offering a roadmap for policymakers, jurists, and technologists to design transparent, accountable, and future-ready judicial systems.
Srinivas et al. (Thu,) studied this question.