Theoretical analysis for ground stress and tunnel deformation during surcharge-induced consolidation considering arching effect

Puntos clave

• Tunnel deformation is significantly influenced by ground stress changes due to surcharge.
• The arching effect plays a crucial role in mitigating deformation under loads in tunnels.
• This analysis employs a theoretical framework to examine ground stress interactions during consolidation.
• Understanding these dynamics may enhance the safety and stability of tunnel constructions.