Alexander Baturo is an Associate Professor of Government at Dublin City University, Ireland. He studies comparative democratization and authoritarian politics, as well as UN politics. He has published four monographs, including the recent The New Kremlinology (Oxford UP, 2021), and Personalism and Personalist Regimes (Oxford UP, 2024). John F. Clark is Professor of Politics and International Relations at Florida International University in Miami, USA. He is the author or editor of six books on African politics and international relations, including, most recently, Political Identity and African Foreign Policies (Lynne Rienner, 2024). Gabriella Ilonszki is Professor Emerita at Corvinus University of Budapest, Hungary. She studies the processes of democratic institutionalization in East Central Europe and the role of partisan and career service actors. She headed numerous projects related to parliamentary government, selection of public officials, democratic backsliding, and populist governance. Nikita Khokhlov is a Teaching Fellow at the School of Politics and International Relations, University College Dublin, working on comparative authoritarianism, political communication, and elite behavior with a focus on Russia and former Soviet states. He worked as a researcher and data scientist for the World Bank and Boston Consulting Group. Tatiana Kostadinova is Professor of Politics and International Relations at Florida International University in Miami, USA. Her research focuses on political institutions with a special emphasis on elections and political parties, personalist leadership, and political corruption. She is the author of Political Corruption in Eastern Europe: Politics After Communism (Lynne Rienner, 2012). György Lengyel is Professor Emeritus at Corvinus University of Budapest, Hungary, where he heads the Centre for Empirical Social Research. He directed elite and public opinion surveys, deliberative polls, civic discussions, content and discourse analysis, field experiments, online Delphi, and Q-research. John D. Marvel is Associate Professor of Public Administration and Policy at American University in Washington, DC, USA. His research focuses on front-line team leadership in government organizations. Temirlan T. Moldogaziev is Associate Professor at Indiana University's O'Neill School in Bloomington, USA. His research focuses on public finance and economics. He is the author and editor of Research Handbook on City and Municipal Finance (Edward Elgar, 2023), Information Resolution and Subnational Capital Finance (Oxford University Press, 2021), and State and Local Financial Instruments: Policy Changes and Management (Edward Elgar, 2021 and 2014). Donald Moynihan is the Harris Family Professor of Public Policy at the Ford School of Public Policy at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, USA. He studies state capacity and administrative burdens. Milena I. Neshkova is Professor of Public Policy and Administration at Florida International University in Miami, USA. She studies democratic governance and the role of bureaucracy in domestic and international settings. She has written on citizen participation in government, political and bureaucratic corruption, and management of public money. William G. Resh is Associate C.C. Crawford Professor in Management and Performance at the University of Southern California's Sol Price School of Public Policy in Los Angelis, USA. His research focuses on public management and executive politics. He is the author of Rethinking the Administrative Presidency (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2015). Jochelle Greaves Siew is a Ph.D. Candidate in the Public Policy and Management Program at the University of Southern California's Price School of Public Policy in Los Angeles, USA. Her research interests focus on the interplay between emotions and heuristic-based decision-making within bureaucratic contexts.
Kostadinova et al. (Sun,) studied this question.