March 3, 2026Open Access

The effects of rolling deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties of cold spraying Ti

Puntos clave

Mechanical properties of cold sprayed titanium significantly improve with rolling deformation, achieving better bonding.
A 20% deformation reduces porosity from 2.76% to 0.58%, increasing ultimate tensile strength to 658 MPa.
Analysis shows that higher rolling deformation leads to elongated alpha titanium grains and increased density of dislocations.
Results indicate that combined thermal and mechanical effects can enhance pore closure and mechanical performance of CS-Ti.

Resumen

Due to porosity and lack of metallurgical bonding, cold-sprayed Ti (CS-Ti) shows insufficient mechanical properties, especially plasticity. Here we investigate the effect of rolling deformation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of CS-Ti. The results show that a 20% deformation reduces the porosity of the CS-Ti from 2.76% to 0.58%, achieving complete metallurgical bonding and recrystallization. Consequently, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) increases from 346 MPa to 658 MPa, and the elongation (EL) improves from 0.25% to 6.10%. When the rolling deformation increased to 60%, the porosity further decreases to 0.04%, with the microstructure consisting mainly of elongated α-Ti grains and high-density dislocations. The corresponding UTS and EL are 800 MPa and 3.89%, respectively. Analysis of the tensile fracture indicates that, with the deformation increased, the failure mode changes from ductile fracture to ductile-brittle fracture. The results show that the combined effect of thermal effect and mechanical deformation can effectively promote the pore closure and interface reconstruction, and significantly improve the mechanical properties of the CS-Ti.

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