Revealing ciprofloxacin inhibition mitigation and microbial function enhancement mechanisms in inherent iron-driven biochar amendment for swine wastewater anaerobic digestion

Puntos clave

• Ciprofloxacin inhibition is effectively mitigated with inherent iron-driven biochar amendment in anaerobic digestion processes.
• The involvement of biochar enhances microbial function, leading to better waste treatment outcomes in swine wastewater management.
• Analysis highlights the critical role of iron in biochar for improving the anaerobic digestion of swine wastewater.
• The study suggests further exploration into biochar's potential for wastewater applications, indicating a promising avenue for environmental sustainability.