Background and Objective: This study presents a comprehensive analysis of site-wise variations in lead concentrations in water from the Yamuna, India, over 1 year. Materials and Methods: Monthly samples were collected from five sites, and the lead concentrations were analyzed using established standard methods. Significant fluctuations were observed in lead concentrations across the sites. Result and Discussion: Site 3 consistently maintained the highest lead concentrations throughout the year. The highest lead concentrations at all sites were recorded in May. Site 4 exhibited a steady increase in concentration from January to May, followed by a decrease throughout the rest of the year. The concentration at site 2 consistently increased up to a peak in April. Site 5 showed fluctuations throughout the year, with the highest concentration in April. At site 1, a notable increase was observed from January to April, followed by a decrease over the rest of the year. These variations in lead concentrations have significant implications for environmental forensics and public health. High lead concentrations, especially at Site 3, indicate that there are potential pollution sources in the vicinity. Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of ongoing monitoring and remediation efforts to mitigate the adverse health effects associated with lead exposure. The concentrations at some of the sites exceed limits set by the World Health Organization. Understanding the site-wise variations in heavy metal concentrations in the Yamuna is crucial for identifying pollution sources, implementing effective remediation strategies, and safeguarding public health. This research provides valuable insight into the dynamic nature of heavy metal pollution in the river Yauma.
Sankhla et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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