The nanomedicine revolution represents a paradigm shift in modern health care, leveraging nanoscale materials to achieve unprecedented precision, personalization, and performance in diagnosis and therapy. Emerging from Feynman's foundational vision of nanotechnology, nanomedicine integrates nanoengineering, materials science, and biotechnology to enable targeted drug delivery, advanced imaging, and regenerative applications. Nanoparticles (NPs) function as intelligent carriers that enhance bioavailability and minimize systemic toxicity, while nanoscale contrast agents redefine diagnostic accuracy through enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and photoacoustic imaging (PAI). In oncology and infectious diseases, nanomedicine's capacity for selective targeting and antimicrobial innovation is reshaping therapeutic outcomes. The convergence of nanotechnology with artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) further facilitates predictive modeling, smart NP design, and real-time clinical decision-making. Despite persistent challenges in safety, scalability, and ethical regulation, nanomedicine is emerging as a cornerstone of precision health care, where " tiny tech " delivers an outsized impact on human health. Based on an extensive review of scientific studies published between 1964 and 2025, this article discusses the fundamental principles, biomedical applications, and transformative role of nanomedicine in shaping the next generation of personalized and precision medicine.
Tun et al. (Sat,) studied this question.