Public health surveillance systems in Tanzania are essential for monitoring disease trends and guiding interventions. However, their effectiveness is often underpinned by methodological challenges. A Difference-in-Differences (DiD) approach was employed to assess changes in surveillance system performance over time. The study utilised data from two distinct regions with varying implementation dates for the surveillance system, allowing for the comparison of outcomes under control and treatment conditions. The DiD model revealed a statistically significant improvement in surveillance accuracy post-intervention (p < 0. 05), indicating that the surveillance systems became more effective as they were rolled out across Tanzania. This study provides robust evidence on the effectiveness of public health surveillance systems in Tanzania, with clear improvements noted through DiD analysis. Given these findings, it is recommended that ongoing investments and further enhancements be directed towards expanding and refining existing surveillance networks to ensure comprehensive coverage across all regions of Tanzania. Public Health Surveillance, Cost-Effectiveness Analysis, Difference-in-Differences (DiD), Tanzania Treatment effect was estimated with logit (pᵢ) =₀+^ Xᵢ, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Kamija Masanja (Wed,) studied this question.
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