Purpose There are limited studies on the effects of environmental changes brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic on soon-to-be fathers. Though studies have analyzed the effects of the pandemic on child and maternal health, the impact of first-time fathers' involvement in perinatal education and subsequent support during child rearing have not been studied. Therefore, this study examined the association between perinatal care participation and subsequent participation in housework and child-rearing among first-time fathers during the COVID-19 pandemic, to inform support strategies aimed at promoting paternal role adaptation during future pandemic emergencies. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted based on an anonymous, self-administered online questionnaire. The study analyzed the following data from 415 men across Japan who became fathers in 2020–2023: personal characteristics, perinatal care participation, and participation in housework/childcare. Chi-square and t-tests, as well as binary logistic regression analysis using the forced entry method, were conducted to examine the association. Results The results showed that fathers' participation in housework and child-rearing was significantly associated with perinatal care participation and personal characteristics. The restrictions implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic led to a decline in fathers' participation in perinatal care. Restrictions on presence during childbirth and limited postpartum visitation may have negatively impacted their adaptation to the paternal role. Conclusions The findings highlight the need for continued monitoring and support to families during crises such as pandemics. This study offers valuable knowledge for nurses who provide perinatal care that can help them improve the quality of health care provided to new families.
ISOYAMA et al. (Thu,) studied this question.