Different animal models, including mice, rabbits, rats and pigs, have been developed to study the formation mechanism of kidney stones in vivo. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of ammonium chloride in the nephrolithiasis model of ethylene glycol (EG) (1%) and ammonium chloride (AC) (0,5%, 1% and 2%) combination at different times (7 and 14 days). The study consisted of nine groups, each consisting of seven male Wistar Albino rats. Histopathological examination was performed using Hematoxylin-Eosin and Pizzalato special staining. In immunohistochemical examination, Avidin-Biotin Complex Peroxidase method was applied. In our study, it was determined that most of the rats died in the group in which 2% AC was added to the drinking water together with 1% EG and that 2% AC addition was not suitable for this type of studies. In this study, it was determined that when 1% EG was given alone for 7 or 14 days or when AC was given at doses of 0.5%, 1% and 2% for 7 days, no statistically significant changes occurred compared to the control group in terms of crystal deposition and histopathological changes. In the study, significant changes such as crystal accumulation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and hydropic degeneration in tubular epithelium were detected only when 0,5% or 1% AC was added to drinking water with 1% EG for 14 days. A significant increase in S100A4 expression was also determined in inflammatory cells and interstitial fibroblasts in these groups.
Erdoğan et al. (Tue,) studied this question.