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March 27, 20260 citationsOpen Access

From Amsler Surface to Pseudosphere: Journey via a 5‑Dimensional Extended TSO

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AKAnton Kalmykov

Key Points

  • The study aims to create a unified geometric framework that connects the Amsler surface to the pseudosphere using a five-dimensional extension of TSO.
  • Developed a five-dimensional geometric framework for deformation.
  • Utilized a branch parameter to select solutions from reduced ordinary differential equations (ODEs).
  • Constructed connections within the GAE family using the pi s condition.
  • Introduced a one-parameter family of pendulum solutions to bridge metrics.
  • Analyzed smooth paths and limiting behavior at specific parameter values (s=0,1,2,3).
  • Successfully demonstrated continuous deformation between classical pseudospherical surfaces.
  • Established connections to constant 2π degenerate flat metrics through geometric constructions.
  • Achieved a C^∞ path in the extended space, showing smooth transitions between surfaces.

Abstract

We present a unified geometric framework that continuously deforms the symmetric Amsler surface into the pseudosphere (kink solution). The construction uses a five‑dimensional extension of the Time‑Shared Object (TSO) that incorporates a branch parameter selecting the solution of the reduced ODE. The GAE family with the s condition provides a path from the Amsler surface to the constant 2 degenerate flat metric, while a one‑parameter family of pendulum solutions connects the same constant to the kink. By smoothly joining these segments we obtain a C^ path in the extended space, demonstrating that the two classical pseudospherical surfaces are continuously deformable into one another. The paper details the limiting behaviour at s=0, 1, 2, 3, the construction of the 5D TSO, the degenerate metric connections, the piecewise and smooth paths, and concludes with a geometric picture of the unified parameter space.

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Cite This Study

Anton Kalmykov (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69c620be15a0a509bde1961fhttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19225761
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