OBJECTIVE: To examine dysphagia management options for individuals with Parkinson's Disease (PD), with attention to the inclusion of individuals with co-occurring cognitive dysfunction across all levels of severity. DATA SOURCES: This scoping review was completed using PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A comprehensive search across seven databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, ClinicalTrials.gov, Scopus, Embase) was conducted using predefined search terms. STUDY SELECTION: The inclusion criteria focused on studies addressing dysphagia management in PD, including behavioral interventions, medical and surgical treatments, and stimulation interventions. Observational studies that did not include individuals with PD or dysphagia interventions were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION: The data extraction template compiled study details, sample characteristics, dysphagia interventions, and cognitive-based exclusion criteria. DATA SYNTHESIS: Of 13614 identified studies, 48 were included in the final analysis, addressing interventions for dysphagia management in PD. Among these 4 studies did not exclude individuals with cognitive dysfunction, of which 3 were case studies with a single participant. Of 25 behavioral intervention studies included, 17 explicitly excluded individuals based on their cognitive abilities, while 5 did not report cognitive criteria. Among 9 surgical and medical intervention studies, 6 excluded participants due to cognitive functioning, and 3 did not provide information regarding cognitive status. Similarly, of 14 stimulation-based intervention studies, 5 excluded individuals with cognitive impairment, and 8 did not report cognitive-related criteria. CONCLUSIONS: There is limited information available guiding clinicians in the management of dysphagia in patients with both PD and cognitive dysfunction. This review aims to guide future research by highlighting the need for development of evidence-based dysphagia rehabilitation protocols for individuals with PD and with cognitive impairments. INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD (IRB) APPROVAL: This scoping review was exempt from IRB approval. SCOPING REVIEW REGISTRATION: 10.17605/OSF.IO/D5XYQ.
Rangwala et al. (Sun,) studied this question.