This study assessed the quality of borehole water used for domestic purposes in three selected wards—Ajari, Kumburi, and Gajiram 2 Primary School—in Gajiram, Nganzai Local Government Area, Borno State, Nigeria. Water samples were collected over a six-month period (January, February, March, June, July, and August 2019) and analyzed using standard procedures for various physicochemical parameters including temperature, pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, anions (sulphate, phosphate, nitrate, and chloride), cations (Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺), and heavy metals (As, Cr, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Co). The results revealed that temperature and turbidity levels in all three boreholes exceeded the permissible limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA). The pH, electrical conductivity, and most heavy metal concentrations were within acceptable limits, except for manganese during the dry season. Sulphate recorded the highest concentration among the anions, while phosphate was undetectable in Ajari. Sodium was the most prevalent cation, whereas magnesium showed the lowest concentration. Iron was the most abundant heavy metal across all sites, with notable spatial variation in its distribution. Despite seasonal variations, statistical analysis indicated no significant differences in water quality parameters between the dry and wet seasons. The findings suggest that, although some parameters exceed recommended thresholds, the overall groundwater quality in Gajiram remains within acceptable ranges for most domestic uses. However, consistent monitoring and community health sensitization are recommended due to the potential health risks from elevated turbidity and temperature, and the occasional presence of heavy metals
Musa Abdullahi Ibrahim (Sun,) studied this question.