Healthcare is entering a phase where consumer-facing agents, payer-side agents, provider-side agents, PBM agents, and cloud-infrastructure agents operate in the same workflow without a shared governance substrate. The first paper in this series identified the absence of a governance spine within CVS Health100. The second showed how the open partner network multiplies that risk by embedding Health100 in a mesh of autonomous actors operating under incompatible governance conditions. This third paper defines the architectural requirement that makes such ecosystems safe: cross-organizational invariants — governance properties that must hold across organizational boundaries, not just within them. Without them, healthcare agentic systems will experience substrate-level failures that cannot be reconstructed, reversed, or contained. With them, healthcare can safely support multi-agent collaboration at scale.
Narnaiezzsshaa Truong (Sat,) studied this question.