What question did this study set out to answer?

This study aims to develop a comprehensive framework for tracking embodied carbon using innovative technologies.

April 1, 2026

BIM-IoT enabled blockchain technology for embodied carbon tracking within the construction supply chain: a conceptual framework

Puntos clave

This study aims to develop a comprehensive framework for tracking embodied carbon using innovative technologies.
Conducted a conceptual framework analysis based on existing literature.
Synthesized insights on BIM, IoT, blockchain technology, and carbon management.
Developed a BIM-IoT-enabled blockchain-based framework for tracking embodied carbon.
Completed a feasibility assessment with experts to refine the framework.
The proposed framework enables real-time tracking of embodied carbon in construction supply chains.
Improves logistics optimization and supports low-carbon procurement strategies.
Establishes a verifiable single source of truth for stakeholders.
Offers a roadmap for automating carbon reporting and ensuring compliance with ESG benchmarks.

Resumen

Purpose Amidst growing international focus on carbon reduction, embodied carbon (EC) emissions remain inadequately addressed due to fragmented supply chains and data management challenges. This study develops a novel conceptual framework integrating building information modelling (BIM), Internet of things (IoT) and blockchain technology (BT) for comprehensive EC tracking across construction supply chains (CSCs). Design/methodology/approach Adopting a conceptual framework analysis approach, the study synthesises insights from literature on BIM, IoT, BT, EC management and construction supply chain. A novel BIM-IoT-enabled blockchain-based EC tracking (BIBECT) framework is developed and refined through expert feasibility assessment. Findings Leveraging BIM for centralised data visualisation, IoT for real-time data acquisition and BT for secure, immutable record-keeping, the proposed BIBECT framework demonstrates how the synergistic integration of complementary technologies overcomes the limitations of standalone systems. It facilitates dynamic EC monitoring, improves logistics optimisation, enables low-carbon procurement and provides a verifiable “single source of truth” across stakeholders. Beyond technical contributions, the framework offers a structured roadmap for automating carbon reporting and aligning project delivery with ESG benchmarks and regulatory compliance requirements. Originality/value Unlike prior integrations that focused on BIM-IoT, IoT-BT or BIM-BT pairings, the BIBECT framework synergistically integrates all three technologies to create a holistic, transparent, tamper-proof and real-time EC tracking system across CSCs. The framework sets the foundation for future prototype development. It also aligns with the “Cup-of-Water” theory, highlighting the interdependence of digital technologies in creating resilient and intelligent construction systems.

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