This study successfully established a promoter-optimized locus-specific knock-in strategy for inducing HO1 and constitutive CD47 in GGTA1-knockout pigs. This dual-promoter system enabled context-appropriate expression and enhanced xenograft compatibility. Future in vivo studies are crucial to evaluate long-term graft survival and HO1 inducibility, paving the way for clinical xenotransplantation.
Lee et al. (Sun,) studied this question.