In this study, a numerical investigation is developed to analyze the electromagnetic braking of Hadley circulation within a differentially heated rectangular cavity containing an incompressible, electrically conducting metallic alloy of low Prandtl number. The proposed approach is based on a numerical collocation spectral method designed in order to obtain a solution for the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations expressed in the stream function formulation. The velocity components derived from the stream function are subsequently used to solve the energy equation and determine the temperature distribution. For a fixed Grashof number, the velocity and temperature are calculated for several Hartmann numbers. The results show that the flow is increasingly damped by increasing Hartmann numbers. Strong magnetic fields produce quasi-parallel flow in the center with boundary layers forming at the walls. Moreover, as the Hartmann number increases, the isotherms become increasingly aligned with the vertical walls, indicating a transition toward a conduction-dominated thermal regime.
Baaziz et al. (Sun,) studied this question.