Superstars and me: Predicting the impact of role models on the self.

The authors propose that superstars are most likely to affect self-views when they are considered relevant. Relevant superstars provoke self-enhancement and inspiration when their success seems attainable but self-deflation when it seems unattainable. Participants elf-views were affected only when the stars domain of excellence was self-relevant. Relevant stars provoked self-enhancement and inspiration when their success eemed attainable in that participants either still had enough time to achieve comparable success or believed their own abilities could improve over time. Open-ended responses provided rich evidence of inspiration in these circumstances. Relevant stars provoked, if anything, self-deflation when their success eemed unattainable in that participants either had already missed the chance to achieve comparable success or viewed their abilities as fixed and so unlikely to improve. It is a cultural clich6 that superstars, that is, individuals of outstanding achievement, can serve as role models to others, inspiring and motivating them to do their utmost best. To pro-mote such inspiration, prominent women scientists are often invited to address high school girls, eminent African Americans