Purpose The purpose of this research is to enhance the understanding of the barriers hindering the effective integration of blockchain technology into supply chain operations. In this article, we have identified sixteen distinct barriers for the adoption of Industry 4.0 in the global supply chain, which are analytically classified into four groups: economic, legal, behavioral and technical barriers. The aim of the study is to provide insights into the complexities of modern supply chains and facilitate the development of cost-efficient and flexible solutions for diverse organizations. Design/methodology/approach This research employs a hybrid approach that combines grey systems and the DEMATEL methodology to tackle the inherent uncertainty and interrelated nature of barriers to blockchain adoption in supply chains. By classifying barriers as either cause or effect and quantifying their correlation levels, the study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the adoption landscape. Through extensive examination, the research identifies technical barriers as pivotal, emphasizing the need to mitigate them as a prerequisite for successful blockchain implementation in large-scale global supply chains. Findings The findings of this study highlight the critical importance of addressing technical barriers, specifically the adoption of technical complexity in the existing system and data privacy, as primary focuses for successful blockchain adoption in supply chains. By categorizing barriers into economic, legal, behavioral and technical classifications, the research underscores the need for collaboration and coordination among various stakeholders. Furthermore, the study quantifies the correlation levels among barriers, providing valuable insights into the complex dynamics at play. The results provide crucial recommendations for refining research questions and devising effective strategies to overcome adoption challenges. Originality/value The insights provided by this research offer valuable guidance for organizations seeking to navigate the complexities of integrating blockchain technology into their supply chain processes.
Pandey et al. (Mon,) studied this question.