Global lung cancer burden attributable to air fine particulate matter and tobacco smoke exposure: spatiotemporal patterns, sociodemographic characteristics, and transnational inequalities from 1990 to 2021

This up-to-date study provides a comprehensive perspective on air fine particulate matter and tobacco smoke exposure's impact on lung cancer burden, highlighting its widespread nature, substantial impact, unequal distribution, and preventability. The findings call for targeted interventions and global cooperation across socioeconomic levels to reduce the overall lung cancer burden in the post-pandemic era.