Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease and its underlying etiologies from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

The study unveiled the uneven global distribution of the burden of CKD and its attributable causes. From 1990 to 2021, an increase in the burden of incidence, mortality, and DALYs due to CKD was observed. Population growth and aging will contribute to a further increase in the burden of CKD. Healthcare providers should develop health policies, and optimize the allocation of medical resources, based on age, sex, region, and disease type.