Correlation of Human Protein Kinase a (PKA) and G-Glycoprotein in Patients with T2DM

Background: Type 2 diabetes usually starts with insulin resistance—a condition that happens when muscle, fat, and liver cells cannot use insulin to deliver glucose into the cells of the body for energy use. Materials and Methods: The group subjected to this study consists of 45 type 2 diabetic patients whose age ranges from 30 to 55 years, from both sexes (22 males and 23 females); the control group also includes 45 apparently healthy persons, and they were free from symptoms and signs of any diseases and ages of this group ranged between 30 and 55 years, from both sexes (23 females and 22 males). Protein kinase A (PKA) and G-glycoprotein concentrations was determined by Sandwich-ELISA kits by Sunlong (China) Company. Results: The results of this study revealed no significant differences in the concentration of PKA between patients and control groups, that is, PKA level of female patients and its control and of male patients and its control and between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) male and T2DM female ( P > 0.05). Also, the results of the study revealed that there were no significant differences in the concentration of P-glycoprotein (PGP) between patient and control groups, T2DM females and T2DM males, and between T2DM male and its control group ( P > 0.05), except for that between female T2DM and its control; the results revealed that there was a significant difference in the PGP concentration ( P < 0.05). Finally, a moderate significant positive correlation was found between PKA and PGP concentrations ( P = 0.000, r =0.51). Conclusion: In our study, we measure the actual PKA concentration; it is important for future studies to measure PKA activity instead of concentration to find the role of active PKA in glucose hemostasis. Also, the study of G-glycoprotein gene expression, instead of concentration, is used to explore the accurate function of G-glycoprotein in the distribution and clearance of anti-diabetic drugs.