Nanoprinted Diffractive Layer Integrated Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Vortex Lasers with Scalable Topological Charge

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) represent an attractive light source to integrate with OAM structures to realize chip-scale vortex lasers. Although pioneering endeavors of VCSEL-based vortex lasers have been reported, they cannot achieve large topological charges (less than l = 5) due to the insufficient space-bandwidth product (SBP) caused by the inherent limited device size. Here, by integrating a nanoprinted OAM phase structure on the VCSELs, we demonstrate a vortex microlaser with a low threshold and simple structure. A monolithic microlaser array with addressable control of vortex beams with different topological charges (l = 1 to l = 5) was achieved. Nanoprinting offers high degrees of freedom for the manipulation of spatial structures. To address the challenge of insufficient SBP, two-layer cascaded spiral phase plates were designed. Thereby, a vortex beam with l = 15 and mode purity of 83.7% was obtained. Our work paves the way for future chip-scale OAM-based information multiplexing with more channels.