Rural–urban disparities of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: A scoping review

Few studies on rural-urban ADRD disparities focus on low- and middle-income countries.Common risk factors include female sex, low education attainment, low income, and comorbidities.Inconsistent definitions of "rural" complicate cross-country comparisons.Environmental and lifestyle factors affecting ADRD are underexplored.Advanced statistical methods, such as machine learning and causal inference, are recommended.