The mindsets × societal norm effect across 78 cultures: Growth mindsets are linked to performance weakly and well‐being negatively in societies with fixed‐mindset norms

These findings challenge the idea that growth mindsets have ubiquitous positive effects in all societies. Growth mindsets might be ineffective or even detrimental in societies with fixed-mindset norms because such societal norms could suppress the potential of students with growth mindsets and undermines their well-being. Researchers should take societal norms into consideration in their efforts to understand and foster students' growth.